English Spelling Rules In English | Improve English Spelling

English Spelling Rules In English, Improve English Spelling



A Doubling the Final Consonant   HG

1 Monosyllable words having one vowel followed by a final single consonant double the consonant before a suffix which begins with a vowel (-ing, -ed, -er, -ar, etc.).

Bar + ing = Barring

Let+ ing =Letting

Bar + ed = Barred

Rob + ed = Robbed

Hit+ing = Hitting

Run + er = Runner

Big+er = Bigger

Dim + ed= Dimmed

Blot + ed = Blotted

Nod + ed = Nodded

Blot+ing=Blotting

Stir + ed = Stirred

Fit + ing= Fitting

Nob + ed = Nobbed

Beg + ar= Beggar

Plan + ed = Planned

Knit + ed = Knitted

 Shop + ing = Shopping

Sit + ing = Sitting

Quit + ing = Quitting

Cut + ing = Cutting

(qu here is considered as one consonant) 

Hum + ing = Humming 

But the final consonant is not doubled if the word ends in two consonants or if it has a double vowel before the final consonant.

Look at the following examples :

Help + ed = Helped (two consonants)

Keep + ing = Keeping (two vowels)

Love + er = Lover (ending in a vowel)

Roast + ing = Roasting (two vowels, also two consonants)

Bleed + ing = Bleeding (two vowels)

Cool + ing = Cooling (two vowels)

Cool + ed = Cooled (two vowels)

Gain + ing = Gaining (two vowels)

Soar + ed = Soared (two vowels)

Wood + en = Wooden (two vowels)

Read + ing = Reading (two vowels)

Click Here Daily Use Vocabulary Words

2 In the case of words of more than one syllable ending with a single consonant, this consonant is doubled if preceded by a single vowel and if the accent is on the last syllable :

Acquit + ed = Acquitted

Begi'n + ing = Beginning

Begi'n + er = Beginner

Commi't + ed = Committed

Compe'l + ed = Compelled

Omi't+ ed = Omitted

Occu'r + ed= Occurred

Transfe'r ed = Transferred

Recu'r + ing = Recurring

Dete'r+ ed = Deterred

Refe'r + ed = Referred

Permit + ed = Permitted

The final consonant is not doubled if the last syllable is not accented. Mark the following examples :

A'nswer + ed = Answered

O'ffer + ed= Offered

Su'ffer + ed = Suffered

Be'nefit + ed= Benefited

Benefit + ing = Benefiting

Fi'llet+ ed= Filleted

Bu'dget + ed = Budgeted

Bi'as+ ed = Biased (or Biassed)

Fo'cus + ed= Focused (or, Focussed)

Di'ffer+ence = Difference

O'rbit= Orbiting

Mu' rmur + ed = Murmured

A'lter + ing = Altering

Pro'fit+ ed = Profited

Gos'sip+ ing = Gossiping

V'isit+ing= Visiting

[EXCEPTIONS Handicap + ed = Handicapped]

Kidnap + ed = Kidnapped

Worship + ed = Worshipped

Worship + ing = Worshipping

Parallel + ed (Paralleled or, Parallelled)

B   The Final 'l'

1. Words ending in 'following a single vowel or two vowels pronounced separately usually double the l, even when the accent does not fall on the last syllable :

Appal + ed Appalled

Cancel + ed = Cancelled

Cruel + ly Cruelly

Dial + ed = Dialled

Distil + er = Distiller

Duel + ist = Duellist

Impel + ed= Impelled

Jewel+er= Jeweller

Level + ed = Levelled

Model+ ing Modelling

Repel+ ent=Repellent

Refuel + ed = Refuelled

Revel+ ing = Revelling

Signal + ed = Signalled

Quarrel + ed = Quarrelled

Quarrel + ing = Quarrelling

Devil + ed = Devilled

Carol+ ing=Carolling

Signal + ed=Signalled

Travel + ed= Travelled

Travel+ ing = Travelling

[EXCEPTIONS: Parallel + ed = Paralleled, Peril + ous = Perilous]

Single 'l's are not doubled before the suffixes -ish, -ism, -ist and -ment.

Devil + ish = Devilish

Fulfil + ment = Fulfilment

Moral + ist = Moralist

Real + ism = Realism

2 If a final 'l' is preceded by two vowels, the 'l' is not normally doubled before a suffix beginning with a vowel, e.g.

Feel + ing Feeling

Deal + ing= Dealing

Heal + ing = Healing

EXCEPTIONS: Wool + en = Woollen

3 In the case of words ending in double 'Il', sometimes one of the l's is dropped when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added, but sometimes it is retained, e.g.

Ill + ness = Illness

Full + ness = Fullness

Still + ness = Stillness

Will + full = Wilful

Skill + full = Skilful

Well + come = welcome

Well + fare = welfare

Well + being = wellbeing

Well + known = wellknown

EXCEPTIONS: Appal

  The Final 'S'

In case of words ending in s to which a suffix beginning with a vowel has to be added, there is no definite rule as to whether the s is doubled or not. Generally, the s tends to double.

Plurals as buses, focuses, aliases are not really exceptions to this as they are words which have become English.

Words ending in double s however retain the double s when a suffix is added, whether it begins with a vowel or a consonant, e.g.

Bless + ing = Blessing
Bless + ed = Blessed
Bliss + full = Blissful
Grass + less = Grassless
Remiss + ness = Remissness
Class + ify = Classify
Class + less = Classless
Embarrass + ed = Embarrassed
Success + full = Successful  

D  Words ending in 'e'

Words ending in (silent) 'e' following a consonant drop the 'e' before a suffix beginning with a vowel, e.g.

Drive + ing = Driving 
Move + able =  Movable
Note + able = Notable
Love + ing = Loving
Like + able = Likable
Hope + ing = Hoping
Believe + er = Believer
Come + ing = coming
Shave + ing = Shaving
Retire + ed = Retired
Make + er = Maker
Convince + ing  = Convincing
Supervise + or = Supervisor
Virtue + ous = Virtuous
Shave + ed = Shaved
Issue + ing = Issuing
Drive + ing = Driving
Blame + able = Blamable
Write + ing = Writing
Grieve + ous = Grievous





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